抑郁体验问卷(DEQ )是为了评定Blatt1974年提出的抑郁的两个主要维度,即(1)无助性抑郁(anaclitic depression),其特征为显著的无助感、需求感、害怕被遗弃和依赖他人,(2)内射性抑郁(introjective depression),其特征为自己的标准过分严格,自罪感、无价值感和自尊心丧失。
DEQ初表包括“个Likert型条目,询问受试者对自身及对人际关系的态度。每个叙述都按7级回答,从“强烈反对”到“完全同意”,中值为40下面是几个典型条目:“我在同别人的激烈竞争中体验到快乐”;“我很担心会冒犯或伤害周围的人”;“不管成功或失败,我都自我感觉良好”。
为给上述两个假定的维度评分,Blatt等(1976b)将该问卷做了因子分析,形成三个因子。与预计的一样,第一因子反映无助性,指向与人交往的人格特性;第二因子反映内射性或自我批评性人格特征;第三因子与前两个区别较大,代表了对自我安全感的渴求及骄傲等,可能是一种抑郁拮抗因素。作者将三个因子分别命名为依赖性(DEQ-A,指向“无助性”)、自我批评性(DEQ-I,指向“内射性”)和有效性(DEQ-E)。由于三个因子的生成有性别差异,也就需要六种评分指导。
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